Quantum Optics, Quantum Electronics |
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Batomunkuev Yu. Ts. Aberrations of Volume Cylindrical Holographic Optical Element The analytical expressions allowed to calculate the third-, fifth- and seventh-order monochromatic and chromatic aberrations are obtained for the cylindrical volume holographic optical element by method of the characteristic function. The formulas for coefficients of third-, fifth- and seventh-order aberrations are presented. It is noted that coefficients of the aberrations arising because of photo induced, thermally induced and deformation changes of refractive index and of sizes of the cylindrical volume holographic optical element can be isolated in these coefficients. It is shown that width of the working spectral range for reflection cylindrical volume holographic optical element is inversely proportional to its thickness and for transmission holographic element is inversely proportional to square its thickness. |
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High-Energy and Accelerator Physics, Physics of High-Temperature Plasma |
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Bondar A. E., Buzulutskov A. F., Dolgov A. D., Peleganchuk S. V., Snopkov R. G., Sokolov A. V., Shemyakina E. O., Shekhtman L. I. Proposal for Two-Phase Cryogenic Avalanche Detector for Dark Matter Search and Low-Energy Neutrino Detection The proposal for the detector of ultimate sensitivity for Dark Matter search and low-energy neutrino detection, including that of coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering, is presented, based on the technique of two-phase Cryogenic Avalanche Detectors (CRADs) in Ar. Such a detector, with a 160 l cryogenic chamber, will be able to operate in single electron counting mode with superior (~ 1 mm) spatial resolution. To obtain such characteristics, a novel technique to detect ionization signal is applied, namely an optical readout using combined multiplier comprising of Gas Electron Multipliers (GEMs) and a matrix of Geiger-mode APDs (GAPDs). |
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Bondar A. E., Buzulutskov A. F., Burdakov A. V., Grishnyaev E. S., Dolgov A. D., Makarov A. N., Polosatkin S. V., Sokolov A. V., Taskaev S. Yu., Shekhtman L. I. Proposal for Neutron Scattering Systems for Calibration of Dark Matter Search and Low-Energy Neutrino Detectors The proposal of two neutron scattering systems for calibration of two-phase cryogenic avalanche detectors with high sensitivity being developed at Budker INP is presented. This kind of detectors is designed for the search of dark matter and low energy neutrino detection, in particular, coherent neutrino scattering on nuclei. Detector calibration is made with a measurement of ionization yield and scintillation quenching factor for low energy recoiling nuclei (in 0.5 to 100 keV range) originating from elastic scattering of neutrons. To provide wide range of recoiling nuclei energies two systems of neutron scattering are proposed. The first one is based on small-sized DD generator of fast (2.45 MeV) monoenergetic neutrons operating on sealed neutron tube. The second one is based on tandem proton accelerator and lithium target and capable of generation of monoenergetic epithermal neutrons with energy up to 100 keV. |
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Grishnyaev E. S., Dolgov A. D., Polosatkin S. V. The Computer Programm for Statistical Modelling of Fast Neutrons Scattering is Cryogenic Detector of Weakly Interacting Particles The paper describes «Scattronix» code designed for modeling of recoiling nuclei spectra in cryogenic avalanche dark matter detector being calibrated with monoenergetic flow of neutrons. «Scattronix» is the code for direct Monte-Carlo modeling of fast neutrons movement in the active media of detector. The features of the task being solved (rare collisions, elastic scattering domination) allow significant simplification of code structure and consequent performance improvement in comparison with conventional codes for neutron-media interaction modeling. Physical basics of neutron scattering on 40Ar nuclei are briefly considered. Algorithm implemented in the code is described. An example of modeled spectra is given and compared with analytical estimation of spectral line width. |
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Shekhtman L. I., Dolgov A. D. Fast High Resolution Position-Sensitive Gaseous Detectors The present review describes a new coordinate detectors based on gas micro-pattern technology,
which are applied in experiments in elementary particle physics and with SR beams. The microstrip
gas chambers (MSGC) on substrates with electronic conductivity are presented in the paper.
Such detectors are shown to have spatial resolution better than 100 micron and to be able to effectively
operate at particle rates up to 10^6 s^-1mm^-2, that at least by two orders of magnitude higher
than rate capability of multiwire proportional chambers. Essential part of the review is devoted to
studies of the cascades of gas electron multipliers (GEM). In particular, the dependence of gas amplification |
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Bryazgin K. A., Domarov E. V., Korchagin A. I., Kuksanov N. K., Nemytov P. I., Salimov R. A., Fadeev S. N. Electron Accelerator ELV-4 Energy Ripples This article deals with modernization of industrial electron accelerator ELV-4 with parameters 1 MeV, 100 mA. The goal of upgrading was to decrease accelerating voltage ripples to ± 5 %. The experiments were performed on a simplified accelerator for tomography. Special sensor was created to measure energy ripples. Calibration of sensor has been done in two ways. Energy ripples signal spectrum was obtained. The main components have been studied. |
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Physics of Field, Neutral and Ionized Gases |
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Chernyavskiy À. N., Pavlenko A. N. Evaluation of Boiling Expectation Time in Falling Wavy Liquid Films on Nonsteady Heat Release Mathematical model which allows to calculate the boiling expectation times in falling wavy liquid films on nonsteady heat release has been developed. The process of wave formation in the falling films of liquid nitrogen has been simulated numerically for different inlet Reynolds numbers. The calculation of boiling expectation time dependency on heat flux density and heater surface inertia rate in conditions of fast heat growing has been done. The satisfactory agreement of numerical simulation results with experimental data in the wide range of heat flux density and different flow rates has been shown. |
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Bobylev A. V., Markovich D. M., Kharlamov S. M. Investigation of the Velocity Field in the Wave Rivulet Flowing down the Vertical Plate Joint measurements of thickness and fluid velocity in wavy rivulets were performed using PIV and LIF methods. The stagnant regions in which fluid moves with the velocity of the waves were found under the humps of low-frequency highamplitude waves. The profiles of longitudinal velocity of the fluid were reconstructed for different regions of the waves. These profiles greatly deviate from self-similar parabolic profiles in the stagnant regions and in the regions of capillary precursor of the waves. |
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Kabardin I. K., Naumov I. V., Mikelsen R., Pavlov V. A., Bakakin G. V., Okulov V. L. Experimental Investigation of Instantaneous and Mean Flow Characteristics behind the Rotor Model of Wind Turbine This work sufficiently appends and extends experimental investigation of flow structure downstream of the triblade turbine model, which was started in 2011. Shadow zones from blades were removed and a measuring zone was increased as a result of changing in optical system of PIV. These changes made possible to carry out measurements in much more far zone downstream the rotor model. As a result new features of flow were found out in near and far wake downstream the turbine. The estimation of turbine work efficiency on different work regimes was carried out due to tensometric measurements of rotor force characteristics. This data corresponds to assumptions and hypothesis of classical theories of rotors and to a form for the optimum blades designed by the BEM method. |
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Grek G. R., Katasonov M. M., Kozlov V. V., Korobeinichev O. P., Litvinenko Yu. A., Shmakov A. G. Features of the Propane Combustion in the Round and Plane Macro- and Micro- Jet in a Transverse Acoustic Field at the Small Reynolds Number Results of experimental studies on round and plane macro- and micro-jets with top-hat and parabolic mean velocity profile at the nozzle exit subjected to transverse acoustic field at small Reynolds number are presented in this review. Features of their evolution in the given conditions are shown. On the basis of the received knowledge the new phenomena uncovered at study of the flame evolution in a transverse acoustic field by the propane round and plane micro-jet combustion are revealed and explained. |
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Anisimov M. P., Petrova-Bogdanova O. O., Baklanov A. M. Nucleation Rate Surfaces for Solidphase Polymethylmethacrylate Laser Ablation Experimental results for laser ablation of polymethylmethacrylate (PMM) by laser pulses are presented in this paper. Schematic construction of nucleation rate surface topology for glass and products under laser ablation is done. It follows from the research results that the using of a single channel version of the nucleation theory is incorrect to describe the nucleation rate in the glass and in the products of ablation, where several channels of nucleation are realized. |
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Rafeichik S. I. Dependence of Critical Diameter of Emulsion Explosive on Density in Steel Confinement Emulsion explosives (EMX) based on fine emulsion matrix are characterized by high detonation ability. Critical diameter (as minimum diameter when detonation occurs) and reaction zone length are known in the case of thin confinement with low acoustic impedance. The dependence of critical diameter of EMX in steel confinement with high acoustic impedance was examined in the range of initial density 0,75–1,37 g/cm3. Density was varied by the concentration of glass microballoons, which were used as the sensitizer. It was shown experimentally, that characteristic value is Dcr / 2Ar <1 in the case of strong confinement. This can be due to the decrease of detonation front curvature. Comparison was made between the values of critical diameter in weak and strong confinement. The main distinction is that such dependence in strong confinement is lower and almost monotonic. This can indicate the influence of some processes besides lateral rarefaction wave. Period of reaction is closely connected with critical diameter and reaction zone length. Model based on heterogeneous kinetic of heating of emulsion surrounding single microballoon was proposed to describe the experimental dependence of the reaction zone time of EMX on concentration of microballons. |
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Fedorenko S. G., Nikiforov A. A., Fedorov V. E. Kinematic Model of Mobile-Cylinder Engine of Cyclic Design A kinematic model of mobile-cylinder engine of cyclic design is suggested. Analysis of motion equation solutions reveals
periodic pulsations of rotational frequency in the system which leads to non-uniform rotation of a crank shaft. The |
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Solid-State and Semiconductor Physics, Physics of Nanostructures |
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Muratov T. T. Formalism «Magneto Cross-Sections» of D–(A+)-Centers at Resonance Scattering of Charged Carriers in Angenerated Semiconductors The new approach to study of kinetic effects in covalent semiconductors is developed. On example of the calculation kinetic coefficients at resonance scattering some particularities of the proposed approach are demonstrated. Influence of limited weak magnetic field on kinetic effects is studied. Unlike standard method, taking into account presence of the H-field in the nonequilibrium distribution function with the following reception sought formulas for kinetic coefficients, in proposed approach presence (the influence) of the weak H-field is fixed as local (virtual) incrementation of crosssection of the concrete scattering, in this given case it’s resonance. |
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Kozlovskii Yu. M., Stankus S. V., Khairulin R. A., Yatsuk O. S. Dilatometric Investigation of the Phase Transformations in CHS-139 Steel The results of the dilatometric investigation of the phase transformations in ChS-139 steel over the temperature range from 20 to 1 000?Ñ are presented. The error in the coefficient of linear thermal expansion (TCLE) is(1.5–2) * 10^(–7) Ê^(–1). The temperatures of the phase transformations, the changes of relative expansion on mutual austenite-martensite transitions, and TCLE of all phases are determined. An interpretation of a number of specific points in the temperature dependences of the properties is given. |
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Agazhanov A. Sh., Savchenko I. V., Samoshkin D. A., Stankus S. V., Dutova O. S. Thermal Diffusivity of 16KH12V2FTaR Steel in a Wide Temperature Range Thermal diffusivity of the ferritic-martensitic steel 16Kh12V2FTaR in the temperature range from 296 to 1274 K has been measured by the laser flash method with the error of 2–4 %. The approximating equations have been obtained, the Curie point of steel and the temperatures of martensitic-austenite phase transitions have been determined. |
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Educational and Methodical Provision of Teaching of Physics |
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Zamuraev V. P., Kalinina A. P. Technology of the Solution of Tasks of Thermodynamics and Molecular Physics Now tasks which are more difficult, than school, are characterized with a small number of methodical approaches. In this work elements of technology of the solution of tasks of thermodynamics and molecular physics are presented. Besides, in work some techniques which should be used competently at the some tasks solution, and also algorithms for the solution of classes of tasks with concrete examples of their realization are offered. |
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