Журнал Вестник НГУ. Cерия Физика. 2010. Том 5, выпуск 4

МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ СИМПОЗИУМ «Терагерцовое излучение: генерация и применение» (International Symposium «Terahertz Radiation: Generation and Applications»)

26–28 июля 2010г., Новосибирск

 

Информация об участниках и докладах

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Генерация терагерцового излучения ( GENERATION OF TERAHERTZ RADIATION )

 

G. N. Kulipanov GENERATION AND APPLICATION OF TERAHERTZ RADIATION: HISTORY AND PERSPECTIVE

History of terahertz research as well as recent achievements and perspectives is briefly described in this paper.

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P. Weightman, G. Holder, A. Schofield, R. L. Williams, P. Harrison, A. Bowfield, M. Surman THE TERAHERTZ BEAMLINE AND TISSUE CULTURE FACILITY ON THE ALICE ACCELERATOR AT THE DARESBURY LABORATORY

A description is given of the terahertz beamline and tissue culture facility that is being commissioned on the ALICE accelerator at the Daresbury laboratory.

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T. Idehara, T. Saito, I. Ogawa, S. Mitsudo, Y. Tatematsu DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH FREQUENCY GYROTRONS AND APPLICATION TO HIGH POWER THz TECHNOLOGIES

Development of high frequency cw gyrotrons (Gyrotron FU CW Series) as high power THz radiation sources was advanced in FIR FU on the basis of the success in the development and application of the previous Gyrotron FU series [1]. In this paper, we would introduce the development of high frequency gyrotrons in FIR FU and applications to high power THz technologies.

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V. L. Bratman, A. E. Fedotov, P. B. Makhalov, F. S. Rusin, A. N. Panin SHORT-WAVE OROTRONS AND ORO-MULTIPLIERS

The capabilities of two types of terahertz sources based on stimulated Smith – Purcell radiation of electrons in open cavities are discussed. A series of developed pulsed orotrons provides coherent radiation at frequencies up to 410 GHz with an output power of 1–0.1 W with high frequency stability. A promising alternative source with smaller currents than in orotrons is a frequency multiplier based on the excitation of a surface wave of a periodic structure and Smith – Purcell radiation of arising electron bunches inside the orotron cavity. A possibility of frequency doubling inside the orotron cavity is experimentally demonstrated at a frequency of 190 GHz.

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A. V. Arzhannikov, A. V. Burdakov, P. V. Kalinin, S. A. Kuznetsov, M. A. Makarov, K. I. Mekler, S. V. Polosatkin, V. V. Postupaev, A. F. Rovenskikh, S. L. Sinitsky, V. F. Sklyarov, V. D. Stepanov, Yu. S. Sulyaev, M. K. A. Thumm, L. N. Vyacheslavov SUBTERAHERTZ GENERATION BY STRONG LANGMUIR TURBULENCE AT TWO-STREAM INSTABILITY OF HIGH CURRENT 1-MeV REBs

The results of investigation for subterahertz radiation emission induced by strong Langmuir turbulence driven by a microsecond relativistic electron beam are presented. The radiation is associated with a plasmon-plasmon merging
process, which generates photons at a double plasma frequency in the range of few hundreds GHz.

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Y. U. Jeong, G. M. Kazakevich, S. H. Park, K. Lee, J. Mun, K. H. Jang, J. Y. Lee, J. Sunwoo, K. N. Kim, B. C. Lee, Y.-H. Cha, H. Cha, D. H. Kim, B. H. Cha DESIGN STUDY OF A TABLE-TOP THZ FREE-ELECTRON LASER FOR SECURITY INSPECTION

We have designed a table-top terahertz (THz) free electron laser (FEL). The main issue of the FEL design is to decrease radiation losses at a FEL resonator except outcoupling ratio. Also reducing the number of undulator periods and
total undulator length is important to increase FEL conversion efficiency and to reduce its size. The FEL consists of a magnetron-based microtron having an energy of ~5 MeV, a strong electromagnetic helical undulator having the period of ~25 mm, and a cylindrical waveguide-mode optical resonator. The total diameter of the microtron is approximately 50 cm and the macropulse current is more than 50 mA. The size of the system is expected to be 1x2 m2. The condition for lowloss and high-gain oscillator of the table-top FEL has been studied by using a 2-D FEL code. Simple injection scheme of the electron beam to the undulator was optimized by calculating beam trajectories with a 3-D PIC code. The average THz power is calculated to be 1 W with the tunable wavelength range from 200 ?m to 500 ?m. The FEL is expected to be used for the real-time imaging of security inspection.

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Детектирование терагерцового излучения ( DETECTION OF TERAHERTZ RADIATION )

 

F. F. Sizov, O. G. Golenkov, V. P. Reva, D. B. But ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS Of Si n-MOSFET THz-DETECTOR: MATCHING WITH EXTERNAL AMPLIFIER

The influence of the external load resistance on voltage and current sensitivities of Si n-MOSFET THz detectors at radiation frequency n=142 GHz is investigated. The noise level in the frequency band, which is needed for real-time imaging is specified. Investigated were transistors with the gate widths and lengths within 1?1 ?m2 and 20?20 ?m2. It is shown that internal resistance and external load resistance form the divider, the parameters of which are important for matching with read-out devices

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K. V. Smirnov, Yu. B. Vachtomin, A. V. Smirnov, R. V. Ozhegov, I. V. Pentin, A. V. Divochii, E. V. Slivinskaya, G. N. Goltsman TERAHERTZ AND INFRARED RECEIVERS BASED ON THIN-FILM SUPERCONDUCTING NANOSTRUCTURES

This work presents the results of the development and fabrication of sensitive and ultrafast detectors based on thinfilm superconducting nanostructures: hot-electron bolometers (HEBs) and visible and infrared superconducting singephoton detectors (SSPDs). The main operational principles of the superconducting devices are presented as well as the technology of fabrication of the detectors and their main types and parameters. The achieved record parameters of the detectors allow application of the fabricated devices to solution of various research problems in the near, middle and far IR ranges.

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A. Korneev, M. Finkel, S. Maslennikov, Yu. Korneeva, I. Florya, M. Tarkhov, M. Elezov, S. Ryabchun, I. Tretyakov, A. Isupova, B. Voronov, G. Goltsman SUPERCONDUCTING NBN TERAHERTZ DETECTORS AND INFRARED PHOTON COUNTERS

We present our recent achievements in the development of sensitive and ultrafast thin-film superconducting sensors: hot-electron bolometers (HEB), HEB-mixers for terahertz range and infrared single-photon counters. These sensors have already demonstrated a performance that makes them devices-of-choice for many terahertz and optical applications.

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M. A. Dem’yanenko, D. G. Esaev, V. N. Ovsyuk, B. I. Fomin, I. V. Marchishin, V. Sh. Aliev, B. A. Knyazev, V. V. Gerasimov, G. N. Kulipanov, N. A. Vinokurov, V. I. Litvitsev DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF UNCOOLED MICROBOLOMETER ARRAY FOR THE TERAHERTZ SPECTRAL RANGE

This article presents the results of some experiments on the further improvement in the sensitivity of uncooled microbolometers in the terahertz range via depositing an additional thin metallic absorbing layer on a microbolometer membrane. The experiments have shown the mentioned modification of the microbolometer design increase its sensitivity several times. A strong dependence of the microbolometer sensitivity on the angle of polarization of terahertz radiation has been revealed. It has been shown that the microbolometer responsivity in the terahertz range is caused by the absorption of radiation in the narrow metallic bus going along the microbolometer legs as well as in the strips acting as an ohmic contact with the thermally sensitive layer.

73

Терагерцовая квазиоптика ( TERAHERTZ QUASI-OPTICS )

 

S. A. Kuznetsov, A. V. Arzhannikov, A. V. Gelfand, V. V. Kubarev, M. Navarro-Cia, M. Beruete, F. Falcone, M. Sorolla, M. Thumm MICROSTRUCTURED QUASI-OPTICAL SELECTIVE COMPONENTS FOR SUBTERAHERTZ AND TERAHERTZ APPLICATIONS

The development results for passive quasi-optical selective components based on planar regularly patterned metallized microstructures of subwavelength topology are described. The components include different frequency filters, polarization beam-splitters, metastructures, thin resonant absorbers, which are elaborated both for stand-alone applications and for integration with various metrological systems used in subTHz and THz measurements. The methods for electromagnetic simulation, technological implementation, and components characterization are discussed.

79

V. V. Pickalov, A. L. Balandin, D. G. Rodionov, M. G. Vlasenko, B. A. Knyazev TERAHERTZ TOMOGRAPHY OF LOW CONTRAST OBJECTS: ALGORITHMS AND EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS

In this paper numerical modeling of tomography projections measurements is done and the iterative algorithm of diffraction tomography is developed for reconstruction of images of objects. Generalization of one of the most perspective algorithms of iterative type, – algorithm Gerchberg-Papoulis (G-P), from ray tomography to diffraction tomography, is evolved. Experimental methods of tomographical projections acquisition in a THz range are constructed.

91

Yu. Yu. Choporova, M. G. Vlasenko, V. V. Gerasimov, B. A. Knyazev, A. A. Nikitin, V. S. Cherkassky APPROACHING TERAHERTZ HOLOGRAPHY USING THE FREE ELECTRON LASER

Many experiments in the terahertz region have been performed using low-power shot-pulse wideband sources. Appearance of more intense monochromatic terahertz sources (quantum cascade lasers, free electron lasers) and terahertz image sensors enables the implementation of classical variants of optical techniques in the terahertz range. In this paper we describe a series of experiments to demonstrate feasibility of classic holography at the terahertz range using the Novosibirsk free electron laser. Two imaging techniques have been applied for digital hologram recording. A modified Mach Zehnder interferometer has been fabricated for recording the reference-beam holograms. In-line holograms have been recorded and reconstructed

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S. E. Bankov, V. M. Chebotarev V. A. Cherepenin, A. V. Korjenevsky, A. V. Pestryakov, A. N. Vystavkin IMAGE PRODUCTION WITH SUB-DIFFRACTION RESOLUTION IN RADIO VISION DEVICES OF THE TERAHERTZ RANGE USING RECEIVING ARRAYS AND IMAGE SCANNING PROCEDURE

The earlier proposed method of image reconstruction with sub-diffraction resolution in radio vision devices (RVD) of the shortwave millimeter and Terahertz frequency range is analyzed. A brief description of the method including the
algorithm is given. A computer simulation of the method including the results is described. The limitation of the method due to the noise effect is discussed.

103

I. A. Kotelnikov, A. P. Shkurinov MULTI-PHOTON IONIZATION BY A TWO-COLOR LASER PULSE

A method of imaginary time [1] is used to calculate the probability of multi-photon ionization of atoms by a femtosecond laser field with an admixture of the second harmonic. The conditions for the second harmonic to dominate over the
first harmonic in the course of ionization of atoms are found. It is shown that the average momentum of the photoelectrons ejected from an atom depends on the phase shift between the first and second harmonics, as well as on their mutual polarization. Asymptotic formulas for the ionization rate and the average momentum of photoelectrons are obtained. They generally confirm predictions of a phenomenological model based on the classical views [2].

108

G. I. Kropotov, E. V. Tsygankova TYDEX: OPTICS FOR THz PHOTONICS

TYDEX offers a wide range of optics for THz photonics: passive components (lenses, windows, prisms, mirrors, spectral and beam splitters, and waveplates), built up components (low pass and band pass filters, polarizers, and attenuators), and devices (Golay detectors).

113

Терагерцовая спектроскопия ( TERAHERTZ SPECTROSCOPY )

 

A. G. Verkhogliad, M. A. Zavyalova, B. A. Knyazev, S. N. Makarov, M. F. Stupak DEVELOPMENT OF CONFOCAL 3D SURFACE SENSOR BASED ON THE DIFFRACTION-CHROMATIC CODING METHOD FOR THE PURPOSE OF SPECTROSCOPIC MEASUREMENTS

This article presents description and features of confocal 3D surface sensor which is based on the principle of diffractionchromatic coding with subsequent RGB image processing for the purpose of terahertz spectroscopy applications. The main part of the sensor is a specially designed hybrid refractive-diffraction objective lens. RGB color image decomposition processing was done by regular color video camera.

117

Mu Kaijun, Zhang Cunlin APPLICATION OF TERAHERTZ SPECTROSCOPY AND IMAGING

We examined the feasibility of Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) using a 4-mm-thick quartz crystal to extract the angle of rotation of THz radiation polarization induced by a two-color laser in air plasma. We also used the
THz-TDS technique to identify explosives and melamine in mixtures. In addition, we presented a new opto-mechanical scanner for security applications using the method of passive THz imaging.

123

V. L.Vaks HIGH-PRECISE SPECTROMETRY OF THE TERAHERTZ FREQUENCY RANGE: THE METHODS, APPROACHES AND APPLICATIONS

The application of the microwave approach to development of the terahertz (THz) frequency range has resulted in elaboration of precise methods and devices for various applications. The key point of the development was employment
of mixers and multipliers based on the quantum semiconductor superlattice structures, which provide more effective signal transformation in comparison with commonly used devices on Schottky diodes. As a result the unique family of the frequency synthesizers based on the backward wave oscillators operating in the frequency range of 667 ? 1100 GHz was designed and elaborated. Besides, application of the non-stationary microwave spectroscopy together with nanoelectronics devices yielded a solid state spectrometer of the THz frequency range, operating in a phase switching mode. The high sensitivity and spectral resolution let one employ the spectrometer for various applications. The results of the spectrometer applications for various problems of medicine and biology, as well as for hi-tech and security systems are also presented.

130

V. A. Enikeeva, I. A. Ozheredov, A. P. Shkurinov, V. Ya. Gayvoronsky, I. M. Pritula DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF COPMOSITE MATERIAL SINGLE CRYSTAL KDP MATRIX WITH INCORPORATED ANATASE NANOCRYSTALS IN TERAHERTZ SPECTRAL REGION

Dielectric properties of new composite material single crystal KDP matrix with incorporated anatase nanocrystals were investigated by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy in a wide temperature range. It was shown that anatase nanoparticles significantly effect on dielectric properties of KDP crystals in THz range. It was obtained that dielectric permittivity drastically changes at the temperature below phase transition.

134

Терагерцовая плазмоника ( TERAHERTZ PLASMONICS )

 

V. V. Popov PLASMONIC DEVICES FOR DETECTION OF TERAHERTZ RADIATION

Physics of plasma oscillations and basic principles of plasmonic detection of terahertz radiation in FET structures with two-dimensional electron channels are discussed. Plasmonic devices are practically attractive because they are extremely fast and electrically tunable through the entire terahertz frequency band by changing electric potentials at metal contacts of the device.

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V. V. Gerasimov, B. A. Knyazev, A. K. Nikitin, V. V. Nikitin PNONINTERFEROMETRIC TECHNIQUES TO DETERMINE TERAHERTZ SURFACE-PLASMON COPLEX REFRACTIVE INDEX

Two noninterferometric techniques for mtasurement of THz surface plasmon (SP) refractive index k are presented. The first method involves splitting of the initial SPs beam into two new ones and measurements of the SP decoupling
angle on a diffractional grating. The second method is based on the fact that THz SP field penetration depth d into air can be expressed through k and measured directly. Numerical modeling of both techniques has been carried out.

147

V. N. Trukhin, N. N. Zinov’ev, A. V. Andrianov, L. L. Samoilov, A. O. Golubok, M. L. Felshtyn, I. D. Sapozhnikov, V. A. Bykov, A. V. Trukhin TERAHERTZ COHERENT SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPE

We present the terahertz (THz) scanning probe microscope which combines a THz coherent spectrometer and a scanning probe microscope. It detects forward-scattered radiation and employs harmonic signal demodulation to extract the signal of near-field contribution to scattering of THz electromagnetic waves.

151

A. P. Sukhorukov, D. O. Saparina, A. N. Kalish SURFACE PLASMON-POLARITON TERAHERTZ WAVES IN OPTICALLY ACTIVE MEDIA

We examine the propagation of surface plasmon-polariton terahertz waves along the interface between two media: metal or metamaterial with a negative index and an optically active medium or a nonlinear dielectric. It is shown that in
both cases wave profile is not exponential. On the interface of optically active media surface waves are combination of TE and TM localized modes. Diffraction and dispersion of terahertz beams and pulses is studied.

154

V. V. Gerasimov, B. A. Knyazev, A. K. Nikitin TERAHERTZ DISPERSIVE SPECTROSCOPY FOR THIN-FILM STUDY VIA SURFACE-PLASMON ? BULK WAVE INTERFERENCE

A new technique for terahertz (THz) dispersive spectroscopy of thin films employing surface plasmons (SP) has been developed. The technique is based on the SP’s complex refractive index k strong dependence on the transition layer optical constants and employs interference in parallel beams of bulk and surface waves. It is remarkable for its accuracy and enables investigators to determine both parts of k in one measuring procedure. Devices implementing the method may be whether of static or dynamic character; the latter requires measuring time equal at least to one pulse duration.

158

Терагерцовое излучение и биологические объекты ( TERAHERTZ RADIATION AND BIOLOGICAL SUBSTANCES )

 

I. N. Smirnova, . V. Fedulova, M. M. Nazarov, P. Cherkasova STRUCTURALLY SENSITIVE CHANGES IN ABSORPTION THZ SPECTRA OF CORTICOSTEROIDS

The series of steroid hormones, such as progesterone, 17a-hydroxyprogesterone, cortisol and other was measured by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz TDS). It was obtained that THz absorption spectra of steroid hormones have characteristic lines of absorption in the frequency range 0.1-3.0 THz. We investigate the relation between the position of side functional groups and THz spectral response. Besides pellets of polycrystalline pure substances, steroids solution in methanol was analyzed. The given method can be applied for express diagnostics of different classes of steroid.

162

O. P. Cherkasova, V. A. Volodin, V. A. Minaeva, B. F. Minaev, G. V. Baryshnikov TEMPERATURE DYNAMICS FOR LOW-FREQUENCY RAMAN SPECTRA OF PROGESTERONE, 17%-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE AND CORTISONE

The Raman spectra of progesterone, 17a-hydroxyprogesterone and cortisone in the low-frequency region are studied. Several intense spectral features demonstrate clear temperature dynamics in the range of 83 K. Assignment of vibrational frequencies is performed with the use of density functional calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level. The observed spectral features are assigned to vibrations of the whole skeleton including substituents at the C17 atom.

168

E. F. Nemova, V. I. Fedorov INVESTIGATION OF TERAHERTZ RADIATION EFFECT ON BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN CONFORMATION DYNAMICS BY SPIN PROBING

Influence of terahertz radiation on bovine serum albumin conformation was investigated by use of EPR spin probing spectroscopy. It was demonstrated that radiation induces an increase of amplitude and line width of triplet. It is supposed that changes of reaction centers steric characteristics is reflected a conformation transition in albumin molecule.

173

Yu. S. Ol’shevskaya, A. S. Kozlov, A. K. Petrov, T. A. Zapara, A. S. Ratushnyak CELL MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF TERAHERTZ (SUBMILLIMETER) LASER RADIATION

Within the framework of the task of revealing the mechanisms of the action of terahertz (submillimeter) radiation on biological objects, the influence of terahertz (submillimeter) radiation on the processes of transmembrane transport in cell systems was experimentally analyzed. Complex research using dyes which do not penetrate through intact membranes (Trypan Blue) and reveal viable cells (BCECF-AM) together with electrophysiological analysis has shown that radiation with a 130-micron wavelength creates conditions for penetration of compounds that usually do not go through the membrane of living cells. The penetration of dye may be conditioned by reversible disturbance in the barrier properties of neuron membranes under the action of 130-micron waves. Radiation with a wavelength of 150 microns does not show such properties. The received results may offer the challenge of developing methods of directed transport of biologically active compounds into cells.

177

A. V. Kapralova, A.S. Pogodin INFLUENCE OF TERAHERTZ RADIATION OF VARIOUS RANGES ON MOLECULE CONFORMATION OF BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN

We investigated the influence of THz laser radiation of frequencies of 1.15 THz and 3.68 THz and radiation power of about 10 Mw on protein (bovine serum albumin). Using UV spectrophotometry, we revealed increase in the optical density of irradiated samples of bovine serum albumin at the characteristic absorption bands, which is evidence of conformation changes in protein molecules.

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Сведения об авторах

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Информация для авторов

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